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Anna Mary Howitt
Anna Mary Howitt (married name Anna Mary Watts, 15 January 1824 – 23 July 1884) was an English painter, writer and feminist.
==Artist and feminist==
Anna Mary Howitt was the eldest surviving child of the prolific Quaker writers and publishers William Howitt (1792–1879) and Mary Botham (1799–1888). She was born in Nottingham, but spent much of her childhood in Esher.〔(Elmbridge Hundred biography ), Retrieved 9 July 2011.〕 Howitt showed early talent and entered Henry Sass's Art Academy in London in 1846, where her contemporaries included William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Thomas Woolner. She then accompanied her fellow artist Jane Benham to Munich, where she studied under Wilhelm von Kaulbach. She also began to publish articles about the city that were later collected into ''An Art-Student in Munich'' (1853), as well as serialized stories with her own illustrations, which appeared in the ''Illustrated Magazine of Art'' (1853-4).〔ODNB entry: (Retrieved 9 July 2011. Subscription required. )〕
''An Art-Student in Munich'' was a success. According to ''The New York Times'' (11 May 1854), "All that is peculiar to Munich, - its museums, galleries, festivals, and works of art, - or to German life, whether in high or low degree, and still more to the cultivation of the artist, is told in these pages with a beautiful earnestness and a ''naive'' simplicity, that have a talismanic effect upon the reader. It is one of those sunny works which leave a luminous trail behind them in the reader's memory."〔(Retrieved 9 July 2011. )〕 Howitt was under twin influences at this stage in her life, being "connected on the one hand with the social and publishing circles of her parents, the hard-working pillars of the London literary establishment, and on the other hand with a group of forward-looking, feminist women of her own age."〔Orlando Project introduction. (Retrieved 9 July 2011. )〕
The younger group with whom Howitt became associated were the Langham Place feminists, notably her close friend the artist Barbara Leigh Smith, along with whom she joined Rossetti's Folio Club. Howitt made her exhibition debut at the National Institution of Fine Arts in 1854, with a painting inspired by Goethe's ''Faust''. Her painting ''The Castaway'' (Royal Academy, 1855) was unusual in depicting a woman who has sunk into prostitution. In 1856 she helped Leigh Smith to collect signatures for a petition that would lead to the Married Women's Property Act 1870.〔The text of the petition appears here: (Retrieved 9 July 2011. )〕 Criticism of her work from John Ruskin, rejection of a major painting by the Royal Academy, and the marriage of her friend Leigh Hunt contributed to a mental breakdown in 1857, after which she ceased to be an active artist.〔ODNB entry.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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